![]() RS232 is one of the oldest and simplest computer communication methods. #Bit and work clock used in digital communication serialSerial communication via a terminal server to the Solace 3xx0 Console, via RS232, is one place where you will find baud rate mentioned within the Solace documentation. I will start by explaining the simpler RS232 and move on to 1GE ethernet. Connecting to Solace PubSub+ Event Broker AppliancesĪll Solace PubSub+ Event Broker appliances use ethernet connections for data and management connections, and provides an RS232 serial port so you can configure things before an IP address is assigned. Next I’ll explain how baud rate and bit rate apply to Solace appliances. So to convert bit rate to baud rate you multiple baud rate by the number of bits per symbol by the number of channels being used:īit rate = baud rate * bits per symbol * Channels Channels – the number of transmission channels.Baud rate – the number of line ‘symbols’ transmitted per second.Bit rate – the number of binary ‘bits’, 1s or 0s to be transmitted per second.A few simple definitions before we move ahead: Bits will be converted into baud for transmission at the sender side and the reverse conversion will happen at the receiver end so that the user receives the bit stream that was sent. The baud rate may be higher or lower than the bit rate, which is the number of bits per second that the user can push through the transmission system. Maximize the signal-to-noise ratio so that the signal is recoverable at the receiver.īaud rate, then, is the measure of the number of changes to the signal (per second) that propagate through a transmission medium.End-to-end timing to ensure the receiver samples the signal at the correct time to reliably detect the transmitted symbols.I’ll explain the conversion from bit rate below, but with that in mind, the encoding process needs provide the following functions: ![]() Symbol rate is effectively the baud rate. Note that the 1s and 0s we send as application developers may have different representations while they are in transit or ‘on the wire.’ For that reason when talking about baud rate we talk about symbols and not bits. The challenge with data transmission is to get a signal from point A to point B, carrying as much information as possible, in a reliable manner. The “Symbolic” Nature of Data on the Wire A key requirement is to be able to ensure the required signal can be distinguished from the unwanted signals (also known as “noise”) at the receiving end. This means that foreign signals may also be present on the transmission line, as well as the original signal. Any single electrical signal flowing down a wire will emit some of the signal as electromagnetic energy, which can be picked up by other conductors (wires) and converted back into an electrical signal. ![]() The big advantage that optical technologies have over copper technologies, apart from lower loss for a given length, is less electromagnetic interference. The output signal shown is smaller and less defined than the source signal and it is delayed with respect to the timing grid. In the case of optical fibre, the multiple paths photons can travel (even with single mode fibre) have different lengths, stretching and distorting the signal. The length of the cable adds resistance, induction, and capacitance components which distort the signal as it travels. Figure 1: Transmission Line Characteristicsįrom the figure we can see that the cooper cable of the transmission line is a lot more complex than a straight connection. ![]()
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